What type of encryption ensures confidentiality?

Confidentiality in data protection refers to the practice of keeping information private and accessible only to authorized users. While option C mentions "Any Cryptography," it’s important to understand the nuances of different encryption methods and their specific roles in ensuring confidentiality.

Symmetric encryption uses the same key for both encryption and decryption, making it efficient for protecting data confidentiality. Only users with the correct key can access the original data, which is critical for maintaining secrecy.

Asymmetric encryption uses a pair of keys — a public key for encryption and a private key for decryption. This method also supports confidentiality by ensuring that only the intended recipient, who possesses the private key, can decrypt the message.

Hashing, on the other hand, is fundamentally different as it does not provide confidentiality. Instead of encrypting data for secure transmission, hashing generates a fixed-length string (or hash value) from input data. This is used primarily for data integrity verification and not for protecting the content itself since hashing is a one-way function that cannot be reversed.

In summary, both symmetric and asymmetric encryption fulfill the requirement for ensuring confidentiality. While "Any Cryptography" includes a broader range of techniques, it is important to highlight specific encryption methods that explicitly focus on confidentiality, as not all