What is the primary function of nmap in network security?

The primary function of nmap is to map out open ports and services on a network. This tool is widely utilized in security assessments and penetration testing, as it provides detailed information about the network configuration. By scanning a network, nmap identifies which ports are open, the services that are running on those ports, and the operating systems in use. This information is critical for understanding the attack surface and identifying potential vulnerabilities that could be exploited by an attacker.

Nmap effectively helps security professionals establish a baseline of the network's security posture, enabling them to focus their efforts on areas that may be more susceptible to attacks. The tool's versatility also allows for more advanced features like OS detection, version detection, and scriptable interactions during scans, making it a fundamental component in a security practitioner's toolkit.