What is the function of the kernel in an operating system?

The kernel is a fundamental component of an operating system that serves as a bridge between applications and the actual data processing performed at the hardware level. Its primary function is to manage and facilitate access to hardware components such as the CPU, memory, and input/output devices.

By directly interfacing with hardware, the kernel ensures that software applications can communicate effectively with the physical devices without needing to manage the complexities of the hardware themselves. This interaction includes handling device drivers, managing task scheduling, and controlling resource allocation among different processes.

Other functions, such as managing user accounts, providing a graphical user interface, or handling file storage, are typically managed by higher-level components of the operating system rather than the kernel. These aspects rely on the kernel's foundational capabilities but are not part of its primary role. The kernel’s ability to interface with hardware directly is critical, as it allows for efficient resource management and system stability.